Liquid crystal display and substrate thereof

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is liquid crystal display, a substrate for a liquid crystal display and a method for manufacturing the substrate. The substrate comprises a transparent electrode formed on the insulating substrate, and a black matrix formed on the transparent electrode and performing the function also of protrusions. The method comprises the steps of forming a transparent electrode on a substrate, forming a black matrix layer, depositing a photosensitive material on the black matrix layer to form a photosensitive layer, patterning the photosensitive layer, and etching the black matrix layer using the photosensitive layer as a mask. The liquid crystal display comprises, among other things, redundant data lines formed on a same layer as the pixel electrodes; an insulating second substrate provided opposing the first substrate at a predetermined distance; a common electrode formed on the second substrate; and a protrusion pattern formed on the common electrode in at least regions corresponding to the positions of the redundant data lines, the protrusion pattern being made of an insulating material.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] (a) Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display and athin film transistor substrate for a liquid crystal display.

[0003] (b) Description of the Related Art

[0004] Liquid crystal displays typically include a first substrate onwhich are formed a common electrode and a color filter, and a secondsubstrate on which are formed thin film transistors and pixelelectrodes. The first and second substrates are provided substantiallyin parallel with a predetermined gap therebetween, and liquid crystalmaterial is injected between the two opposing substrates. An electricfield is formed between the substrates by applying voltages of differentpotentials to the pixel electrodes and common electrodes. Accordingly,the alignment of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal materialvaries to control the transmittance of incident light.

[0005] However, a serious drawback of LCDs is their limited viewingangle. Various methods and configurations have been developed in anattempt to overcome this problem. In one such method, the liquid crystalmolecules are aligned perpendicularly to the first and secondsubstrates, and either a predetermined aperture pattern is formed in orprotrusions are formed on the pixel electrodes and the opposing commonelectrodes. In some instances both a predetermined aperture pattern andprotrusions are formed. Such methods are described in various papersincluding “A New Design to Improve Performance and Simplify theManufacturing Process of High-Quality MVA TFT-LCD Panels” (Y. Tanaka, etal., 1999 SID, 16.5L) and “Ridge and Fringe-Field Multi-DomainHomeotropic LCD” (A. Lien, et al., 1999 SID, 44.1L).

[0006] However, as a result of the additional processes required to formthe aperture patterns and protrusions, decreasing the productivity.Accordingly, in the case where protrusions are preferred, there is aneed for a method in which apertures can be formed without performingsupplementary processes. Further, there is the need for the formation ofprotrusions that can function to provide all the necessarycharacteristics for increasing the viewing angle of the LCD.

[0007] Another drawback of conventional LCDs is the frequent severing ofwiring—gate lines, which transmit scanning signals, and data lines,which transmit image signals—in the thin film transistor substrate whenmanufacturing the same. To prevent this, redundant wiring is formed. Thedata wiring forms its redundant wiring by forming a transparentelectrode layer, which is provided according to the layout of the datalines, when forming the pixel electrodes. When forming contact holes forthe electrical connection between drain electrodes and the pixelelectrodes, contact holes are also provided over the data lines. Theredundant data wiring is connected to the data lines through thesecontact holes provided over the data lines.

[0008] However, circuits are shorted between the exposed redundant datawiring and the common electrode of the upper substrate if conductiveparticles come between these two elements. The formation of the aperturepattern or protrusions may cause this problem.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present invention has been made in an effort to solve theabove problems.

[0010] It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquidcrystal display and a thin film transistor substrate for a liquidcrystal display that does not require supplementary processes in formingprotrusions, and short-circuits between the upper substrate and thelower substrate are prevented.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides asubstrate for a liquid crystal display comprising an insulatingsubstrate; a transparent electrode formed on the insulating substrate;and a black matrix formed on the transparent electrode and alsoperforming the function of protrusions.

[0012] According to a feature of the present invention, the mainprotrusions are formed on the black matrix, the main protrusions beingrealized through a photosensitive layer.

[0013] According to another feature of the present invention, the blackmatrix and the main protrusions are formed in the same pattern through aphotolithography process.

[0014] According to yet another feature of the present invention, theblack matrix is made of chrome.

[0015] According to still yet another feature of the present invention,the black matrix is a double layer made of chrome and chrome oxide.

[0016] According to still yet another feature of the present invention,the substrate further comprises a color filter formed between theinsulating substrate and the transparent electrode.

[0017] A method for manufacturing a substrate for a liquid crystaldisplay of the present invention comprises the steps of forming atransparent electrode on a substrate; forming a black matrix layer;depositing a photosensitive material on the black matrix layer to form aphotosensitive layer; patterning the photosensitive layer; and etchingthe black matrix layer using the photosensitive layer as a mask.

[0018] According to a feature of the present invention, the black matrixlayer is formed on the transparent electrode.

[0019] According to another feature of the present invention, a colorfilter is formed before forming the transparent electrode.

[0020] According to yet another feature of the present invention, theblack matrix layer is a double layer of chrome and chrome oxide.

[0021] The liquid crystal display comprises an insulating firstsubstrate; gate lines formed on the first substrate, the gate linestransmitting scanning signals; data lines insulated from the gate linesand intersecting the same, the data lines transmitting image signals;pixel electrodes formed in regions defined by the intersection of thedata lines and the gate lines; redundant data lines formed on a samelayer as the pixel electrodes; switching elements connected to the gatelines, the data lines and the pixel electrodes, the switching elementseither transmitting or cutting off the transmission of the image signalsto the pixel electrodes according to the scanning signals; an insulatingsecond substrate provided opposing the first substrate at apredetermined distance; a common electrode formed on the secondsubstrate; and a protrusion pattern formed on the common electrode in atleast regions corresponding to the positions of the redundant datalines, the protrusion pattern being made of an insulating material.

[0022] According to a feature of the present invention, the protrusionpattern is an organic black matrix.

[0023] According to another feature of the present invention, the liquidcrystal display further comprises a black matrix formed between thesecond substrate and the common electrode.

[0024] According to yet another feature of the present invention, thepixel electrodes have an aperture pattern.

[0025] According to still yet another feature of the present invention,the protrusion pattern and the aperture pattern of the pixel electrodesdivide the pixel electrodes into four domains.

[0026] According to still yet another feature of the present invention,the domains are polygonal having two parallel long sides.

[0027] According to still yet another feature of the present invention,the domains are classified into first domains with long sides in a firstdirection and second domains with long sides in a second direction,wherein the first and second directions form an angle of between 85 and95 degrees.

[0028] According to still yet another feature of the present invention,the first direction makes an oblique angle with respect to a side of thepixel electrodes.

[0029] According to still yet another feature of the present invention,the liquid crystal display further comprises liquid crystal materialinjected between the first and second substrates, long axes of liquidcrystal molecules of the liquid crystal material being verticallyaligned with respect to the first and second substrates in a state whereno electric field is generated between the first and second substrates.

[0030] According to still yet another feature of the present invention,the liquid crystal display further comprises twisted-nematic liquidcrystal material injected between the first and second substrates.

[0031] In another aspect, the present invention provides a liquidcrystal display comprising an insulating first substrate; a transparentelectrode formed on the first substrate; a light-blocking layer formedon the transparent electrode, the light-blocking electrode being made ofmetal; and a protrusion portion made from an organic layer and alignedwith the light-blocking layer.

[0032] According to a feature of the present invention, the organiclayer is photosensitive.

[0033] According to another feature of the present invention, aresistivity of the organic layer is 10¹³ Ωcm.

[0034] According to yet another feature of the present invention, theliquid crystal display further comprises a second substrate providedopposing the first substrate and on which there are formed a pluralityof pixel electrodes and thin film transistors, and wherein thelight-blocking layer overlaps areas corresponding to a non-transparentlayer of the second substrate, and areas between the pixel electrodes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in andconstitute a part of the specification, illustrate an embodiment of theinvention, and, together with the description, serve to explain theprinciples of the invention:

[0036]FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of a liquid crystal displayaccording to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0037]FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of a liquid crystal displayaccording to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0038]FIG. 3 shows results of an electro-optical simulation in whichthere are displayed variations in the alignment of liquid crystalmolecules with the passage of time and according to whether a protrusionis conductive or insulating;

[0039]FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C are sectional views of an upper substrate ofthe liquid crystal display of FIG. 2 as it undergoes in sequence duringmanufacture;

[0040]FIG. 5 is a partial schematic plan view of a liquid crystaldisplay according to a third preferred embodiment of the presentinvention;

[0041]FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI′ of FIG. 5;

[0042]FIG. 7 is a partial schematic plan view of a liquid crystaldisplay according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the presentinvention; and

[0043]FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII′ of FIG. 7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0044] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now bedescribed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045]FIG. 1 shows a partial sectional view of a liquid crystal displayaccording to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.Approximately one unit pixel is shown in the drawing. It is to beassumed that the same structure is repeated over an entire area of theliquid crystal display.

[0046] The main elements of the liquid crystal display include an uppersubstrate 200, a lower substrate 100 and a liquid crystal layer 300.Also included but not shown are a polarizing plate, a compensation plateand a wave guide plate. A description of the elements not shown in thedrawing will not be provided herein as they are similar in thisstructure and operation to those found in conventional LCDs.

[0047] Formed on the lower substrate 100 are a gate insulation layer130, data lines 162, a protection layer 180 and a pixel electrode 170.In addition to these elements but not shown are thin film transistors,gate lines and other elements found on a thin film transistor substrate.Apertures 171 of a predetermined pattern are formed in the pixelelectrode 170. The apertures 171 may take on various shapes as long aspixel regions can be divided into a plurality of differing types ofsmall domains together with protrusions of the upper substrate 200 (tobe described hereinafter). For example, the apertures 171 may be V orT-shaped. Domain type is determined by a direction of an averagedirector of liquid crystal molecules in the domains.

[0048] An RGB color filter 210 is formed on the upper substrate 200 ineach pixel region. A common electrode 220, which is made of atransparent conducting material such as ITO (indium tin oxide), isformed over the color filter 210. Also, an organic black matrix 230,which is made of a photosensitive material that contains black pigmentssuch as graphite powder, is formed on the common electrode 220. Theblack matrix 230 is directly formed into a protrusion pattern. This willbe described below with reference to the second embodiment, in which asimilar process is used in forming the protrusion pattern. Thearrangement and shape of protrusions of the protrusion pattern may varydepending on the apertures 171 of the pixel electrode 170. However, itis preferable that the protrusions are provided such that four or moredifferent types of small domains are formed with the apertures 171.

[0049] With the above structure, since the protrusions are formeddirectly from the black matrix 230, which prevents the leakage of light,additional processes are not required. Further, the apertures 171 areformed simultaneously with the pixel electrodes 170.

[0050]FIG. 2 shows a partial sectional view of a liquid crystal displayaccording to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. Theliquid crystal display of the second embodiment is similar in structureto the first embodiment. Accordingly, like reference numerals will beused for the similar elements. The lower substrate 100 is structuredidentically as in the first embodiment.

[0051] As with the first embodiment, the color filter 210 is formed onthe upper substrate 200. Also, the common electrode 220, which is madeof a transparent conducting material such as ITO, is formed over thecolor filter 210. A black matrix 230 is formed over the common electrode220, the black matrix 230 being made of an inorganic material such asCrOx and Cr or of a photosensitive organic material having includedblack pigments. If the black matrix 230 is made of a conductor such aschrome, it can take additional advantage of reducing a surfaceresistance of the common electrode 220. Further, the black matrix 230made of a double layer of CrOx and Cr improves picture quality byreducing light reflection. When forming the black matrix 230 in such adouble layer, it is preferable that a thickness of the Cr is 0.05˜0.3 μmand a thickness of the CrOx is 0.03˜0.2 μm.

[0052] Formed on the black matrix 230 is a photosensitive layer 250. Theblack matrix 230 and the photosensitive layer 250 are directly formedinto a protrusion pattern. This will be described in more detail below.Protrusions of the formed protrusion pattern are provided between theapertures 171 of the pixel electrodes 170. With the formation of theprotrusions using the black matrix 230 and the photosensitive layer 250additional processes are not required. Further, since photosensitivematerial is highly insulating, the resulting protrusions form separatedomains very effectively. If the protrusions are conductive, theelectric field formed by applying a voltage between the pixel electrodes170 and the common electrode 220 is distorted such that overall picturequality is reduced. The resistivity of the photosensitive material is atleast 10 ¹³ Ωcm.

[0053]FIG. 3 shows results of an electro-optical simulation displayingvariations in the alignment of liquid crystal molecules with the passageof time and according to whether a protrusion is conductive orinsulating.

[0054] As shown in FIG. 3, at the area corresponding to the formation ofan insulating protrusion, after the application of a voltage andfollowing the passage of a predetermined time, a transmissivity of lightis low only in the area of the protrusion while it is high in theremaining areas. However, in the case of the conducting protrusion,after the application of a voltage and following the passage of apredetermined time, the transmissivity of light is low in a large areasurrounding the protrusion, thereby generating texture.

[0055]FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C show sectional views of an upper substrate ofthe liquid crystal display of FIG. 2 as it undergoes sequentialprocesses during manufacture.

[0056] First, with reference to FIG. 4A, the color filter 210 is formedusing a screen printing process on the upper substrate 200, which ismade of a transparent insulating material such as glass. Next, withreference to FIG. 4B, a transparent conducting material such as ITO isdeposited on the color filter 210 to form the common electrode 220.Here, it is possible to first deposit an overcoat layer on the colorfilter 210 before forming the common electrode 220.

[0057] Subsequently, to form the black matrix 230, a Cr single layer ora Cr and CrOx double layer, or a photosensitive layer with black pigmentadditives is deposited on the common electrode 220. The photosensitivelayer 250 is then deposited on the black matrix 230. Finally, withreference to FIG. 4C, the photosensitive layer 250 is exposed anddeveloped to form a predetermined pattern, using a mask. The blackmatrix 230 is etched using the photosensitive layer pattern as mask.Accordingly, the black matrix 230 and the photosensitive layer 250 areformed in the same protrusion pattern.

[0058] In the described manufacturing method the protrusion patterndirectly formed from the black matrix 230 and the photosensitive layer250 eliminates additional processes for providing the protrusions on theupper substrate 200.

[0059]FIG. 5 shows a partial schematic plan view of a liquid crystaldisplay according to a third preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, and FIG. 6 shows a sectional view taken along line VI-VI′ ofFIG. 5. Approximately one unit pixel is shown in the drawing. It is tobe assumed that the same structure is repeated over an entire area ofthe liquid crystal display.

[0060] Formed extending horizontally (in the drawing) on a lowersubstrate 100 are a gate line 122 and a storage electrode line 127. Agate insulating layer 130 is formed over the gate line 122 and thestorage electrode line 127. Formed over the gate insulating layer 130 isa semiconductor layer 142 of a thin film transistor (i.e., a switchingelement). An ohmic contact layer (not shown) is formed on thesemiconductor layer 142. Formed also on the gate insulating layer 130 isa data line 162. Branched from the data line 162 is a source electrode165, and formed opposing and separated from the source electrode 165 isa drain electrode 166. The source electrode 165 and the drain electrode166 extend over the ohmic contact layer.

[0061] A protection layer 180 is formed over the data line 162, thesource electrode 165 and the drain electrode 166. The protection layer180 includes a contact hole 181 for exposing the drain electrode 166,and contact holes 182 for exposing the data line 162. Formed on theprotection layer 180 are a pixel electrode 170, which has an aperturepattern 171, and a redundant data line 172, which is formed in the samepattern as the data line 162 and contacts the data line 162 through thecontact holes 182. The redundant data line 172 is formed of the samematerial as the pixel electrode 170. The aperture pattern 171 of thepixel electrode 170 is formed as two perpendicularly intersecting lines,with the vertical line being substantially parallel to the data line162. However, the aperture pattern 171 can be formed in various shapes,which will be described hereinafter.

[0062] Formed on an inside surface of an upper substrate 200 is an RGBcolor filter 210, and formed on the color filter 210 is a commonelectrode 220. The common electrode 220 extends over an entire surfaceof the upper substrate 200. Also, the common electrode 220 is made of atransparent conducting material such as ITO. Formed on the commonelectrode 220 is a black matrix 230. The black matrix 230 20 covers atleast an area corresponding to the formation of the redundant data line172. The black matrix 230 acts to provide a variety of functions:preventing the leakage of light; providing, through its formation intoprotrusions, an alignment direction to liquid crystal molecules; andpreventing a shorted-circuit in the redundant data line 172 and thecommon electrode 220. It is preferable that the black matrix 230 is madeof an insulating material with a thickness of 0.1 μm-3 μm. Although thecolor filter 210 is shown and described formed on the upper substrate200, it is possible to form the color filter 210 on the lower substrate100.

[0063] Liquid crystal material is injected between the substrates 100and 200 to form a liquid crystal layer 300. Long axes of liquid crystalmolecules comprising the liquid crystal layer 300 are alignedperpendicularly to the substrates 100 and 200 in a state where noelectric field is formed between the substrates 100 and 200.

[0064] With the liquid crystal display structured as in the above, anelectric field generated between the substrates 100 and 200 comes tohave a predetermined direction as a result of the aperture pattern 171of the lower substrate 100 and the protrusions formed using the blackmatrix 230 of the upper substrate 200. At this time, the protrusions actto vary the shape of the electric field between the protrusions and theliquid crystal layer 300. Further, the protrusions influence thealignment of the liquid crystal molecules at an initial state where noelectric field is generated between the substrates 100 and 200. That is,in this state, the liquid crystal molecules in the area of theprotrusions are tilted to a certain degree with respect to thesubstrates 100 and 200.

[0065] In each domain, formed by the overlapping of the aperture pattern171 and the black matrix 230, liquid crystal molecules are tilted to apredetermined direction. If the domains are classified based on aresulting average direction of the long axes of the liquid crystalmolecules, total four different domains are formed with theconfiguration shown in FIG. 5. A wide viewing angle is obtained in allfour directions with these small domains. Further, since the insulatingblack matrix 230 is formed in areas corresponding to the redundant dataline 172, a shorted-circuit between the redundant data line 172 and thecommon electrode 220 is prevented even through a conductive particle Pis positioned over the redundant data line 172 as shown in FIG. 6.

[0066]FIG. 7 shows a partial schematic plan view of a liquid crystaldisplay according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, and FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII′ ofFIG. 7. The structure of the fourth embodiment is similar to that of thethird embodiment. Accordingly, like reference numerals will be used todenote identical or similar elements.

[0067] A lower substrate 100 is identical in structure to the lowersubstrate of the third embodiment except for the shape of an aperturepattern 171. This will be described in more detail below.

[0068] A black matrix 230 is formed on an inside surface of an uppersubstrate 200, and formed in a pixel region defined by the black matrix230 is a RGB color filter 210. Formed on the black matrix 230 and thecolor filter 210 is a common electrode 220, which is made of atransparent material such as ITO. Further, an aperture pattern 240 madeof an organic or inorganic insulating material is formed on the commonelectrode 220. The protrusion pattern 240 covers all of an areacorresponding to the formation of a redundant data line 172.

[0069] The protrusion pattern 240 of the upper substrate 200 includes ahorizontal portion, which divides the pixel electrode 170 of the lowersubstrate 100 into half of an upper division and a lower division, and adiagonal line portion, which has a plurality of diagonal linespositioned in the lower and upper halves of the pixel electrode 170. Ifthe diagonal lines are extended through imaginary lines until they meet(except for the innermost diagonal lines since these actually connect),substantially a 90-degree angle is formed between diagonal lines in theupper half of the pixel electrode 170 and their corresponding diagonallines in the lower half of the pixel electrode 170. This configurationresults in the uniform dispersing of the slanting direction of theelectric field into four directions.

[0070] The aperture pattern 171 formed in the pixel electrode 170includes a diagonal line aperture portion that is formed in the samepattern as the diagonal line portion of the protrusion pattern 240, thediagonal lines of the protrusion pattern 240 being positioned withincorresponding locations defined by the diagonal aperture lines of thediagonal line aperture portion; and includes a vertical portion, whichis formed uniformly with left and right sides of the pixel electrode170.

[0071] As a result of the above configuration, the protrusion pattern240 and the aperture pattern 171 of the pixel electrode 170 overlap todivide the pixel electrode 170 into a plurality of small domains. Here,the small domains are polygons having long sides that are parallel toone another. This improves the response time of the liquid crystalmolecules. That is, as a result of the slanted electric field formed bythe protrusion pattern 240 and the aperture pattern 171, the liquidcrystal molecules are aligned uniformly to one another. Accordingly,movement of the liquid crystal molecules into their alignment positionscan be performed in a single step, thereby improving the response time.

[0072] Further, since the insulating protrusion pattern 240 is formed inareas corresponding to the redundant data line 172, the protrusionpattern 240 prevents the shorted-circuit between the redundant data line172 and the common electrode 220. This is true even when a conductiveparticle P comes to be positioned over the redundant data line 172.

[0073] In the third and fourth embodiments described above, thestructure described is applied to a vertically-aligned LCD in which theliquid crystal molecules are aligned vertically to the substrates, whenthe electronic field is not applied. However, a twisted-nematic LCD mayalso prevent the shorted-circuit problem between the redundant data lineand the common electrode by forming the black matrix or anotherinsulating material in the area corresponding to the formation of theredundant data line.

[0074] In the liquid crystal display and TFT substrate of the presentinvention described above, additional processes are not required to formthe protrusion pattern since existing elements are used directly torealize the protrusion pattern. Further, a shorted-circuit between theredundant data line and the common electrode can be prevented, since theblack matrix or another insulating material is formed in the areacorresponding to the formation of the redundant data line. This alsoensures a wide viewing angle.

[0075] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed in detail hereinabove, it should be clearly understood thatmany variations and/or modifications of the basic inventive conceptsherein taught which may appear to those skilled in the present art willstill fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention, asdefined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A substrate for a liquid crystal display,comprising: an insulating substrate; a transparent electrode formed onthe insulating substrate; and a black matrix formed on the transparentelectrode and a protrusion.
 2. The substrate of claim 1 , wherein themain protrusion is formed of a photosensitive layer.
 3. The substrate ofclaim 2 , wherein the black matrix and the main protrusion are formedthrough a same photolithography process.
 4. The substrate of claim 2 ,wherein the black matrix is made of chrome.
 5. The substrate of claim 2, wherein the black matrix is structured as a double layer made ofchrome and chrome oxide.
 6. The substrate of claim 2 , furthercomprising a color filter formed between the insulating substrate andthe transparent electrode.
 7. A method for manufacturing a substrate fora liquid crystal display, comprising the steps of: forming a transparentelectrode on a substrate; forming a black matrix layer; depositing aphotosensitive material on the black matrix layer to form aphotosensitive layer; patterning the photosensitive layer; and etchingthe black matrix layer using the photosensitive layer as mask.
 8. Themethod of claim 7 , wherein the black matrix layer is formed on thetransparent electrode.
 9. The method of claim 7 , wherein a color filteris formed before forming the transparent electrode.
 10. The method ofclaim 7 , wherein the black matrix layer is a double layer of chrome andchrome oxide.
 11. A liquid crystal display, comprising: a firstinsulating substrate; gate lines formed on said first insulatingsubstrate and transmitting scanning signals; data lines insulatedlyintersecting said gate lines and transmitting image signals; pixelelectrodes formed in regions defined by the intersection of said datalines and said gate lines; redundant data lines formed on a same layeras said pixel electrodes; switching elements connected to said gatelines, said data lines and said pixel electrodes, said switchingelements either transmitting or cutting off the transmission of theimage signals to said pixel electrodes according to the scanningsignals; a second insulating substrate provided opposite to said firstinsulating substrate at a predetermined distance; a common electrodeformed on said second insulating substrate; and a protrusion patternformed on said common electrode at least in regions corresponding tosaid redundant data lines and said protrusion pattern of an insulatingmaterial.
 12. The liquid crystal display of claim 11 , wherein saidprotrusion pattern is an organic black matrix.
 13. The liquid crystaldisplay of claim 11 , further comprising a black matrix formed betweensaid second insulating substrate and said common electrode.
 14. Theliquid crystal display of claim 11 , wherein said pixel electrodes havean aperture pattern.
 15. The liquid crystal display of claim 14 ,wherein the protrusion pattern and the aperture pattern of the pixelelectrodes divide the pixel electrodes into four domains.
 16. The liquidcrystal display of claim 15 , wherein the domains are polygonal havingtwo parallel long sides.
 17. The liquid crystal display of claim 16 ,wherein the domains are classified into first domains with long sides ina first direction and second domains with long sides in a seconddirection, wherein the first direction and the second direction form anangle of between 85 and 95 degrees.
 18. The liquid crystal display ofclaim 17 , wherein the first direction makes an oblique angle withrespect to a side of the pixel electrodes.
 19. The liquid crystaldisplay of claim 11 , further comprising liquid crystal materialinjected between said first insulating substrate and said secondsubstrate, long axes of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystalmaterial being vertically aligned to said first insulating substrate andsaid second insulating substrate in a state where no electric field isgenerated between said first insulating substrate and said secondinsulating substrate.
 20. The liquid crystal display of claim 11 ,further comprising twisted-nematic liquid crystal material injectedbetween said first insulating substrate and second insulating substrate.21. A liquid crystal display, comprising: a first insulating substrate;a transparent electrode formed on said first insulating substrate; alight-blocking layer formed on said transparent electrode and made ofmetal; and a protrusion portion made of an organic layer and alignedwith the light-blocking layer.
 22. The liquid crystal display of claim21 , wherein the organic layer is photosensitive.
 23. The liquid crystaldisplay of claim 21 , wherein a resistivity of the organic layer is 10¹³Ωcm.
 24. The liquid crystal display of claim 21 , further comprising asecond substrate provided opposing said first insulating substrate andhaving a plurality of pixel electrodes and thin film transistors,wherein said light-blocking layer overlaps areas corresponding to anon-transparent layer of the second substrate, and areas between thepixel electrodes.